Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) is the main candidate to power electric vehicles. Modification of Nafion type membranes and development of new inorganic and hybrid organic/inorganic nanostructured membranes through a combination of inorganic alkoxides, organically modified alkoxides and monomers may overcome some of the current barriers for a massive industrial application. In specific these last years, our work was focused on the development of hybrid organic inorganic membranes based on sulfonated Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene Block copolymer (sSBEBS) and inorganic sol-gel phase for in naval and aeronautics applications

Now our main objective is the development of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are, in principle, a promising energy technology alternative to PEMFCs and are currently garnering renewed attention. Our alternative is the development of hybrid membranes based on mesoporous inorganic network chemical bonded to quaternary amino groups SEBS. This high crosslinking system could be a good alternative to provide the membranes with chemical stability and anionic conductivity.

  • P.G. Escribano, C. del Río, E. Morales, M. Aparicio, J. Mosa. Infiltration of 40SiO2−40P2O5−20ZrO2 sol-gel in sSEBS membranes for PEMFCs application. Journal of Membrane Science 551 (2018) 136-144.

  • L. C. Klein, M. Aparicio, F. Damay. Chapter: Sol-Gel Processing for Battery and Fuel Cell Applications. In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Processing, Characterization and Applications, 2018, Second Edition, ed. L. Klein, M. Aparicio, A. Jitianu, Springer. ISBN: 978-3-319-19454-7 (Print) 978-3-319-19454-7 (Online).

  • M. Alishahi, F. Mahboubi, S. M. Mousavi Khoie, M. Aparicio, E. Lopez-Elvira, J. Méndez, R. Gago. Structural properties and corrosion resistance of tantalum nitride coatings produced by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. RSC Advances 6 (2016) 89061-89072.

  • M. Alishahi, F. Mahboubi, S.M. Mousavi Khoie, M. Aparicio, R. Hübner, F. Soldera, R. Gago. Electrochemical behavior of nanocrystalline Ta/TaN multilayer on 316L stainless steel: Novel bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel-cells. Journal of Power Sources 322 (2016) 1-9.

  • J. Mosa, M. Aparicio. Chapter 35: “Sol-Gel Materials for Batteries and Fuel Cells”. In The Sol-Gel Handbook, Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications, 2015, Volume 3, pg. 1071-1117, eds. David Levy and Marcos Zayat, Wiley-VCH. Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33486-5.

  • J. Mosa, A. Durán, M. Aparicio. Sulfonic acid-functionalized hybrid organic-inorganic proton exchange membranes synthesized by sol-gel using 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). Journal of Power Sources 297 (2015) 208-216.

  • J. Mosa, M. Aparicio, A. Durán, Y. Castro. Mesostructured HSO3-functionalized TiO2-P2O5 sol-gel films prepared by evaporation induced self-assembly method with high proton conductivity. Electrochimica Acta 173 (2015) 215–222.

  • Y. Castro, J. Mosa, M. Aparicio, L. A. Pérez, S. Vílchez, J. Esquena, A. Durán.
    Sol-gel hybrid membranes loaded with meso/macroporous SiO2, TiO2-P2O5 and SiO2-TiO2-P2O5 materials for PEMFC applications.
    Materials Chemistry and Physics, 149-150 (2014) 686 – 694.
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  • J. Mosa, M. Aparicio. Chapter 6: Hybrid materials for high ionic conductivity. In Sol-Gel Processing for Conventional and Alternative Energy, 2012, pg. 99-122, eds. Mario Aparicio, Andrei Jitianu and Lisa C. Klein, Springer. ISBN: 978-1-4614-1956-3. Series: Advances in Sol-Gel Derived Materials and Technologies. Series Editors: Michel A. Aegerter, Michel Prassas.

  • J. Mosa, A. Durán and M. Aparicio,
    Epoxy-polystyrene-silica sol–gel membranes with high proton conductivity by combination of sulfonation and tungstophosphoric acid doping.
    Journal of Membrane Science 361 (2010) 135–142.
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  • J. Mosa, A. Durán and M. Aparicio,
    Proton conducting sol–gel sulfonated membranes produced from 2-allylphenol, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane and tetraethyl orthosilicate.
    Journal of Power Sources192 (2009) 138-143.
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  • J. Mosa, G. Larramona, A. Durán and M. Aparicio,
    Synthesis and characterization of P2O5–ZrO2–SiO2 membranes doped with tungstophosphoric acid (PWA) for applications in PEMFC.
    Journal of Membrane Science307 (2008) 21–27.
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  • M. Aparicio, J. Mosa and A. Durán,
    Hybrid organic-inorganic nanostructured membranes for high temperature Proton Exchange Membranes Fuel Cells (PEMFC).
    Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology40 (2006) 309-315.
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  • M. Aparicio, J. Mosa, F. Sánchez and A. Durán,
    Synthesis and characterization of proton-conducting sol-gel membranes produced from 1,4-bis(triethoxysilyl)benzene and (3-glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane.
    Journal of Power Sources151 (2005) 57-62.
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  • M. Aparicio, J. Mosa, M. Etienne and A. Durán,
    Proton conducting methacrylate – silica sol-gel membranes containing tungstophosphoric acid.
    Journal of Power Sources145 (2005) 231-236.
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  • M. Aparicio, E. Lecoq, Y. Castro and A. Durán,
    Proton conducting organic/inorganic sol-gel membranes produced from phenyltriethoxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane.
    Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology34 (2005) 233-239.
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  • L. C. Klein, Y. Daiko, M. Aparicio and F. Damay,
    Methods for modifying proton exchange membranes using the sol–gel process.
    Polymer, 46 (2005) 4504-4509.

  • M. Aparicio and L. C. Klein,
    Synthesis and characterization of Nafion/60SiO2-30P2O5-10ZrO2 sol-gel composite membranes for PEMFCs.
    Journal of the Electrochemical Society152, 3 (2005) A493-A496.

  • M. Aparicio, Y. Castro and A. Durán,
    Synthesis and characterisation of proton conducting styrene-co-methacrylate/silica sol-gel membranes containing tungstophosphoric acid.
    Solid State Ionics176 (2005) 333-340.
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  • L. C. Klein, M. Aparicio, F. Damay.
    Chapter 15: “Sol-Gel Processing for Battery and Fuel Cell Applications”. In Handbook of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Processing, Characterization and Applications,
    Volume III: Applications of Sol-Gel Technology, 2005, pg. 311-328, ed. Sumio Sakka, Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN: 1-4020-7968-0.

  • M. Aparicio and A. Durán,
    Hybrid organic/inorganic sol-gel materials for proton conducting membranes.
    Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology31 (2004) 103-107.
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  • M. Aparicio and L. C. Klein, Sol-Gel synthesis and characterization of SiO2-P2O5-ZrO2.
    Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 28 (2003) 199-204.

  • M. Aparicio, F. Damay and L. C. Klein.
    “Characterization of SiO2-P2O5-ZrO2 sol-gel / NafionTM composite membranes”.
    Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology26 (2003) 1055-1059.